Working Papers

The Working Papers series represents work-in-progress, rather than conclusive results. It aims to make research results available early on and promote the exchange of ideas.

Redefinition of Work in Egypt: How AI is Reshaping Skill Demands in Egypt

  • 08-04-2026
  • Author(s): Ahmed Dawoud, Lead Economist at ECES, Ahmed Habashy, Data Scientist at ECES, Youssef Nasr, Research Associate at ECES, Sondos Samir, Research Associate at ECES; and Osama El Shamy, Data Scientist at ECES.
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP246-E

International Experience in Designing Student Loan Systems: A Comparative Analysis Across 23 Countries and Four Country Case Studies

  • 08-12-2025
  • Author(s): Aya Saleh, Research Analyst at ECES under supervision from Abla Abdel-Latif, PhD, Executive Director and Director of Research, ECES
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP245-E

“Your Job Next to Your Home” Initiative: A New Model for Promoting Small Industries and Addressing Unemployment Problems

  • 27-08-2025
  • Author(s): Abla Abdel-Latif, PhD, Executive Director and Director of Research, ECES; Racha Seif El-Dine, Senior Economist at ECES
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP244-A

An AI-Driven Lens on The Demand side of the Egyptian Labor Market (2021-To Date)Part I: A Framework for Real-Time Labor Market Intelligence: Data, Methods, and Key Findings

  • 16-07-2025
  • Author(s): Ahmed Dawoud; Sondos Samir; Ahmed Habashy; Youssef Nasr; Aya Saleh; Abdallah El-Lawah
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP241-E

An AI-Driven Lens on The Demand side of the Egyptian Labor Market (2021-To Date) | Part II: An Agentic-AI System for ISCO-08 Occupational Classification

  • 16-07-2025
  • Author(s): Abdallah El-Lawah; Ahmed Habashy; Youssef Nasr; Ahmed Dawoud; Sondos Samir; and Aya Saleh
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP242-E

An AI-Driven Lens on The Demand side of the Egyptian Labor Market (2021-To Date) | Part III: JobIt – A Conversational AI System for Interactive Labor Market Analysis

  • 16-07-2025
  • Author(s): Ahmed Habashy; Ahmed Dawoud; Sondos Samir; Youssef Nasr; Aya Saleh; Abdallah El-Lawah
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP243-E

Tax Implications of Treasury Bills and Bonds and Their Impact on Egypt’s Budget Deficit

  • 23-06-2025
  • Author(s): Dr. Mostafa Abdel-Kader
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP240-A

Evaluating the Proposed Consolidated Tax as a Replacement of Fragmented Fees: Addressing Implementation Challenges

  • 28-05-2025
  • Author(s): Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Fouad, Former Parliamentarian, and Academic and Business Consultant
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP239-A

Caught in the Crossfire: Assessing the Impact of the US-China Trade War on Egypt’s economy

  • 23-01-2025
  • Author(s): Medhat Nafei, PhD, Professor of Economics at Nile University; Mohamed Farid, DBA, Founding Member of the Liberal Club in Cairo; Mohamed Ahmed Fouad, PhD, Former Parliamentarian, and Academic and Business Consultant;Tasneem Madi, Economist and Market Analyst
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP238-E

Sectoral Assessment of the Economic Activities in the City of Alexandria

  • 07-08-2024
  • Author(s): Dr. Sahar Aboud; Lead Economist; Rama Said, Senior Economist; Salma Bahaa, Senior Economist; Mohanad Mahdy, Economist; Marian Adel, Economist, at ECES
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP237-A

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