Working Papers

The Working Papers series represents work-in-progress, rather than conclusive results. It aims to make research results available early on and promote the exchange of ideas.

Pricing Mechanisms for Petroleum Products and Natural Gas in Egypt in Light of Global Practices

  • 15-07-2026
  • Author(s): Dr. Sahar Aboud; Lead Economist at ECES; Marian Adel, Economist at ECES
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP247-A

Redefinition of Work in Egypt: How AI is Reshaping Skill Demands in Egypt

  • 08-04-2026
  • Author(s): Ahmed Dawoud, Lead Economist at ECES, Ahmed Habashy, Data Scientist at ECES, Youssef Nasr, Research Associate at ECES, Sondos Samir, Research Associate at ECES; and Osama El Shamy, Data Scientist at ECES.
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP246-E

International Experience in Designing Student Loan Systems: A Comparative Analysis Across 23 Countries and Four Country Case Studies

  • 08-12-2025
  • Author(s): Aya Saleh, Research Analyst at ECES under supervision from Abla Abdel-Latif, PhD, Executive Director and Director of Research, ECES
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP245-E

“Your Job Next to Your Home” Initiative: A New Model for Promoting Small Industries and Addressing Unemployment Problems

  • 27-08-2025
  • Author(s): Abla Abdel-Latif, PhD, Executive Director and Director of Research, ECES; Racha Seif El-Dine, Senior Economist at ECES
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP244-A

An AI-Driven Lens on The Demand side of the Egyptian Labor Market (2021-To Date)Part I: A Framework for Real-Time Labor Market Intelligence: Data, Methods, and Key Findings

  • 16-07-2025
  • Author(s): Ahmed Dawoud; Sondos Samir; Ahmed Habashy; Youssef Nasr; Aya Saleh; Abdallah El-Lawah
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP241-E

An AI-Driven Lens on The Demand side of the Egyptian Labor Market (2021-To Date) | Part II: An Agentic-AI System for ISCO-08 Occupational Classification

  • 16-07-2025
  • Author(s): Abdallah El-Lawah; Ahmed Habashy; Youssef Nasr; Ahmed Dawoud; Sondos Samir; and Aya Saleh
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP242-E

An AI-Driven Lens on The Demand side of the Egyptian Labor Market (2021-To Date) | Part III: JobIt – A Conversational AI System for Interactive Labor Market Analysis

  • 16-07-2025
  • Author(s): Ahmed Habashy; Ahmed Dawoud; Sondos Samir; Youssef Nasr; Aya Saleh; Abdallah El-Lawah
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP243-E

Tax Implications of Treasury Bills and Bonds and Their Impact on Egypt’s Budget Deficit

  • 23-06-2025
  • Author(s): Dr. Mostafa Abdel-Kader
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP240-A

Evaluating the Proposed Consolidated Tax as a Replacement of Fragmented Fees: Addressing Implementation Challenges

  • 28-05-2025
  • Author(s): Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Fouad, Former Parliamentarian, and Academic and Business Consultant
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP239-A

Caught in the Crossfire: Assessing the Impact of the US-China Trade War on Egypt’s economy

  • 23-01-2025
  • Author(s): Medhat Nafei, PhD, Professor of Economics at Nile University; Mohamed Farid, DBA, Founding Member of the Liberal Club in Cairo; Mohamed Ahmed Fouad, PhD, Former Parliamentarian, and Academic and Business Consultant;Tasneem Madi, Economist and Market Analyst
  • Publication Number: ECES-WP238-E

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